Origin of the
The foundation of the Kelpie breed is now well documented. The breed originated from the intermixing of the progeny of three pairs of 'Working Collies' imported into
Australia by three early landholders. The foundation female, born of black and tan working collies on Mr. George Robertson's 'Worrock' Station on the Glenelg River, Victoria, eventually came into the possession of Mr. J.D. Gleeson, who named her Kelpie. ‘Jack’ Gleeson was employed on the Murray's 'Dunrobbin' station, which adjoined 'Worrock' Station, at the time of Kelpie's birth. Leaving 'Dunrobbin' shortly afterwards he worked on 'Ballarook' Station where he broke in
Kelpie to sheep work. He then accepted the position of overseer on 'North Bolero' Station in the Merool (now Ardlethan) district of New South Wales. Whilst crossing the Murrumbidgee River on his way to take up the position he met an old friend, Mr. Mark Tully. Mr. Tully gave him an all black dog named Moss, who had been bred by the Rutherfords on their 'Yarrawong' property from stock imported from their family in Scotland. Kelpie was mated to Moss and whelped a litter shortly after arriving at 'North Bolero'; this mating was highly successful and a great line of dogs evolved Messrs Elliot and Allen of 'Geraldra' Station near Stockingbingal, not far from 'North Bolero', had imported from Scotland a pair of black and tans, Brutus and Jenny. Mated on the voyage out, Jenny whelped a litter shortly after their arrival. In the litter of black and tans were two red pups. Caesar, one of the black and tan male pups, was given to Mr. John Rich of 'Narriah', a property which adjoined 'North Bolero'. Gleeson's Kelpie was subsequently mated to Caesar and a black and tan bitch pup, named Kelpie after her dam, was given to Mr. C.T.W. King. The outstanding performance of King's Kelpie at the first Sheep Dog Trial conducted at the Forbes Show, New South Wales, resulted in the Eventual naming of the Breed. At first, dogs of the strain were known as 'Kelpie's pups', but by the turn of the century the majority of dogs of ‘Kelpie-like’ appearance were described as Kelpies regardless of origin. Gleeson's Kelpie' was mated on numerous occasions to both Caesar and to Moss with outstanding results and the progeny came into the hands of the landholders in the Merool district and were greatly interbred. A female (a Caesar x Gleeson' kelpie) was mated to Caesar's litter brother Laddie to produced Sally; Sally when mated to Moss, produced The Barb, an all-black dog like his sire, which gained his name from the racehorse, which won the Melbourne Cup.
Kings Biddy - Born Circa 1900
For many years his descendants were known as 'Barbs' and even today many people persist in describing
black members of the family in this way. The original Barb was a blend of the same strains that established the
breed now known as Kelpies. King's Kelpie', when mated to Moss, produced a number of outstanding dogs.
From this line came Clyde who, when mated to Gay, a bitch bred by Mr. Willis and acquired by Mr. John Quinn
from the Beveridges of 'Dollar Vale' Station, Junee, N.S.W., produced one of the most famous of all Kelpies - a
blue dog called Coil. Mr. Quinn won the first Sydney Trial with Gay in 1896 and in 1898 won the event with
Coil, scoring the ultimate 200 points. Coil's performance is even more remarkable when one learns that he
made the second run with a broken foreleg. Mr. Quinn's achievements, first with Gay and then with Coil,
established the popularity of the strain for both trial and station work, a popularity which has remained ever
since. A little later Messrs King and McLeod established their famous Stud on the bloodline of King's Kelpie,
mixed with dogs purchased from Mr. Quinn. After the turn of the century Messrs King and McLeod introduced
new imported blood into the established strain, something for which they are often criticized. Mr. Quinn continued to breed strictly within the strain until his death in 1930's. Since the turn of the century the majority of 'Kelpie-like' dogs have been described as Kelpies whether they were directly traceable to the foundation or not. There is
little question that the Kelpie is an Australian version of the short and/or smooth coated 'Working Collie', the
foundation being mainly black and tan or black dogs carrying very little white. At the same time the Border Collie
was usually referred to as the black and white rough-coated Working Collie. The very restricted intermixing of
the strain in the early days established the strain to a large extent; being closely bred they would have
tended to dominate when outcrosses occurred. Down through the history of the Breed, when outcrosses have been
made the progeny have been returned to the foundation strains, and this has no doubt minimized the loss
of breed characteristics. Selection from the beginning was for a sheepdog that could cope with the
conditions. This having been obtained with the early crossings the features has been rigorously retained.
The modern, top quality Working Kelpie is traceable to the early foundation stock in the 1870's. He is a shortcoated,
prick-eared dog who revels in hard going. Established specially for local conditions he is able to muster huge areas under extreme conditions, often having to do without water for hours on end. Derived from a long line of dogs and capable of handling thousands of sheep at a time, the Kelpie has a highly developed ability to solve problems for himself, and actually prefers to do so. Like the modern Border Collie, the majority shows a fair degree of eye and style. However, the Kelpie rarely 'Claps' or goes flat to the ground, preferring to manage his sheep in a standing or crouching position.
Of the original pairs imported only the Rutherford strain dogs made a name for themselves in their own right.
These dogs had been bred by the family in Sutherlandshire, Scotland, for a great number of generations, and
they appear to have been immediately suitable to the hard Australian conditions.
Coat Colours In The Kelpie
The Kelpie was evolved from a mixture of imported Working Collies introduced into Australia in the 1800's. Of
those, which form the actual foundation strain, five were black and tan, and one was black. The latter, a dog
called Moss, carried a blue grey colour factor and was the first to produce blue or slate coloured pups. Brutus
and Jenny, themselves black and tan, were the first to produce red coloured pups; these appeared in a litter
born shortly after the parents' arrival in Australia and were the result of a mating of the two dogs on the way
out from England.
Example Colours
The red colour is well known in the Working Collie family and was not the result of a Dingo mating here. Black
is the dominant or strongest colour. The tan markings associated with all colours are believed to be controlled
by another inherited factor. Blue is a mutation of the black or a lightening of black due to a dilution factor. Red
is the Recessive Colour. The showing of Kelpies at Bench or Breed Shows has encouraged a section of breeders to concentrate on the production of either all red or all black pups. Selection over a number of years for colour alone, in preference to selection for sheer natural ability, appears to have caused a loss of working ability in some strains.
To meet the overall requirements of the Pastoral Industry, the Working Kelpie Breeder has had to maintain a very high standard of natural working ability in his stock. To achieve this, ability has taken precedence over colour. Today, most of the best working strains carry a variety of recognised colour factors, including those responsible for tan markings. Because a range of colours is often produced in a litter, the Breeder may not be able to supply a pup of a specified colour at short notice. Because natural and efficient working ability is the prime concern of us all, may we respectfully suggest that you indicate only a preferred colour, rather than a definite one, when
negotiating for a Kelpie pup or dog.